Patients with stroke, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, weak limbs, and long-term bed-ridden; work on range of motion exercise of your joints 2-3 times a day to preserve joint and muscular range of motion, and decrease of spasticity.

hip exercise

1. hip flexion with knee flexion in supine position; hip extension in side-lying position
2. hip abduction and adduction
3. hip external rotation and internal rotation
4. stretch exercise: stretch hamstring muscles especially for the spinal cord injury patient

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knee exercise

knee flexion and extension with the hip exercise.

ankle exercise

1. ankle dorsiflexion and plantar flexion
2. ankle inversion and eversion​

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