Patients with stroke, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, weak limbs, and long-term bed-ridden; work on joint range of motion exercise for upper limbs in order to preserve your joints and muscular range of motion, and decrease of spasticity.

shoulder exercise

1. shoulder flexion in supine position; shoulder extension in side-lying position
2. shoulder abduction and adduction
3. shoulder external rotation and internal rotation

elbow exercise

1. elbow flexion and extension
2. elbow pronation and supination

wrist exercise

1. wrist flexion and extension
2. wrist radial and ulnar deviation
3. wrist pronation and supination​